Conclusion · The first fifty years of liner-less all-aluminum engines have brought forth a great many advances in the

Conclusion The first fifty years of liner-less all-aluminum engines have brought forth a great many advances in the internal combustion engine. Where engines once lasted at most 100,000 miles, modern engines have longer usable service lives, all while providing lower emissions, improved efficiency, and everyday performance that rivals supercars from the not so distant past. There are millions of vehicles on the road worldwide currently using Al-Si technologies. As demonstrated, the longevity of these engines is highly dependent on fuel and lubricant quality, but also on some factors out of an owner’s control, such as operational and environmental constraints. Future engineers will have to rise to the challenge of meeting ever more stringent emissions requirements while solving design restrictions including cost, weight, performance, and longevity at a time when the future of the internal combustion engine is in question. Although an all electric future may be on the horizon, many tough questions must be answered. How do we fix an aging and over-stressed electrical grid? How do we handle tomorrow’s end-of-life e-waste crisis caused by batteries from EV and hybrid vehicles. How are we going to generate power cleanly to feed the added demand of all these electric vehicles reliably? Until these questions can be answered and a lower total cradle-to-grave carbon footprint for EVs is realized, the consumption of fossil fuels will continue as technology catches up to the demands of the modern world. LN Engineering Technical Library. Copyright ©2019 LN Engineering LLC