With mild hybrids, the electric motor cannot power the car on its own. Full hybrids can operate on electric · only and also provid

With mild hybrids, the electric motor cannot power the car on its own. Full hybrids can operate on electric only and also provide a power boost. A plug-in hybrids typically have larger batteries and can operate longer distances and at higher speeds on electric only. Hydrodynamic Lubrication - When sufficient oil film is present between surfaces to prevent contact. A journal bearing like the main or rod bearings in an internal combustion engine are supported by a layer of pressure fed oil operate under hydrodynamic lubrication. Hypereutectic Aluminum - An aluminum alloy with 12% or more silicon content. Typically, hypereutectic alloys used in automotive engine pistons is between 16% and 19%, however some use up to 25-30%, however there is a loss of strength at these elevated levels. Adding silicon improves wear resistance and also reduces the rate of expansion for the aluminum alloy to which it is added. Hypoeutectic Aluminum - An aluminum alloy with 11% or less silicon content. A356 is an example of a hypoeutectic aluminum alloy that is commonly used in cylinder head and other automotive castings. ICE - Internal Combustion Engine Inorganic Binder - An inorganic material used to bind two or more materials. For example, with Lokasil freeze-cast liner inserts, an inorganic binder is used to hold the silicon particles in suspension. When the molten aluminum is injected into the mold, the inorganic binder is consumed and replaced by aluminum, leaving the localized silicon particles suspended in the aluminum matrix. Ionic Liquids - ILs are room temperature molten salts that can be dissolved in motor oil. Its use as an additive has been shown to reduce friction and wear. It is being considered as a supplement or replacement for ZDDP. Knocking - Also known as spark knock, pinging, or detonation, knocking occurs when uncontrolled combustion not propagated by the flame front occurs in the combustion chamber. KS - KS Kolbenschmidt GmbH is part of Rheinmetall Automotive and is a global first-tier supplier to the automotive industry supplying pistons, engine blocks, and main bearings. Laminar Flow - flow characterized by high momentum diffusion and low momentum convection. Liner - A cylinder insert fitted to an engine block to form a cylinder. Lokasil - Developed by KS Aluminum Technologic, Lokasil is a “sacrificial” bore freeze-cast liner insert made up of silicon fibers in an inorganic binder. When infiltrated by molten aluminum during the casting process, it provides selective reinforcement of cylinder bores. LSPI - Low speed pre-ignition, also referred to as stochastic pre-ignition (SPI), mega-knock, or super-knock, is an abnormal combustion event that cannot be prevented by engine management or detected by an engine’s knock sensors. LSPI occurs at high loads and low speeds and is most prevalent in direct injection engines with forced induction. Mahle - MAHLE GmbH is a German automotive parts manufacturer based in Stuttgart, Germany. It is one of the largest automotive suppliers worldwide. Mahle Jet Ignition - The MAHLE Jet Ignition® system is a new combustion technology which replaces the standard spark plug in SI engines with a jet ignition chamber assembly. MAHLE Jet Ignition® facilitates the implementation of ultra lean-burn operation in gasoline engines, improving their efficiency and reducing the formation of pollutants such as nitrogen oxide and particulates. LN Engineering Technical Library. Copyright ©2019 LN Engineering LLC