If you drive the car short distances, experience excessive idling, tow or haul heavy loads, operate in · extreme heat or cold, you

If you drive the car short distances, experience excessive idling, tow or haul heavy loads, operate in extreme heat or cold, you may benefit from shorter oil change intervals. Octane - Octane is a volatile and flammable hydrocarbon and one of the components of gasoline. Octane Rating - The anti-knock rating of gasoline. The higher the octane rating, the more resistant to ignition and less prone to detonation. Octane rating is measured using RON, MON, and AKI. In the United States and Canada, AKI, or (RON+MON)/2 is the typical measure of octane. AKI ratings tend to be four to six octane numbers lower than ratings elsewhere in the world. Oleophilic - Having a strong affinity for oils. Parasitic Loss - Refers to loss of energy in a system that reduce overall efficiency. Examples can include aerodynamic drag and rolling resistance. Piston Squirters - Oiling devices that deliver targeted oil spray to the piston under-crown and cylinder bores. Their primary purpose is to cool the pistons and limit their expansion. Plastic Deformation - Permanent distortion of a material subjected to stresses that exceed its yield strength. Plug-In Hybrid - A plug-in hybrid typically provides increased battery capacity coupled with the ability to charge the battery from the power grid, allowing for operation for short periods under electric only motivation. Port Injection - Port Fuel injection provides fuel delivery into the intake port. Port injection has been replaced by direct injection in modern engines, allowing for more precise fuel delivery. However, port injection also provided cleaning of the intake port and intake valve, which when replaced by direct injection, allows for buildup in the intake and on the valve that reduces performance and can lead to increased wear. It is common to have to have the intake ports cleaned on direct injected engines at normal intervals to address this issue. Some manufacturers have switched to hybrid fuel systems that use both port and direct injection to provide cleaning and also improved performance across the entire powerband of the engine. Pre-Ignition - Combustion that occurs before the ignition event and can occur alone or as a result of detonation. PTWA - A thermal spraying process that deposits a coating on the cylinder wear surface, eliminating the need for cylinder liners in an aluminum block. Quasi-monolithic high pressure die cast - Lokasil is an example of this casting process where molten aluminum infiltrates the freeze-cast Lokasil pre-forms which suspend the silicon particles in a binder that is replaced by the molten aluminum. Range Extender - Range extenders are internal combustion engines that can be added to electric vehicles providing the ability for extended operation beyond the electric only range. Residual Stresses - These are stresses that remain in a solid material after the original source of the stress is removed. RSW - Rotating Single Wire is another form of cylinder bore spraying technology that allows for the elimination of liners in an aluminum engine using a molten metal in a rotary motion down the bore. Scoring - Scoring, scuffing, galling, or seizing of the cylinder bore and piston can be characterized as an adhesive-wear failure between two sliding surfaces that weld together under high localized pressure and LN Engineering Technical Library. Copyright ©2019 LN Engineering LLC